Powder Oral Water Soluble Drugs - 1036 Words

About 70% of the new chemcial ntities are recognized as poorly water-soluble about 40% of commercially available immediate-release oral formulations are recognized as practically insoluble in water (Kawabata et al., 2001). Therefore, several potentially promising drug candidtates were rejected as pharmaceutical products due to ther poor solubilitty in GI fluid, poor dissolution in GI tract, low systemic absorption and thus poor oral bioavailability (therapeutically ineffective) (Hà ¶rter and Dressman, 2001). Therefore, enhancing the aqueous solubility and dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble drugs is one of the major challenges in pharmaceutical industry. The study was performed to improve the compactibility and the biopharmaceutical performance of xylitol by improving its physicomechanical properties to make it better suited for tableting using direct compression. To this end, antisolvent crystallization technique was employed in the presence of various additives, i.e., polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyvinyl alcohol with a molecular weight (PVA22000) or 16000 (PVA16000) at varying concentrations (0.06%, 0.3%, 0.6% and 1.2%, w/v). The size and morphological changes induced by crystallization the in presence of the additives were studied. The dissolution performance of crystallized xylitols formulated with a model poorly water-soluble drug, i.e. indomethacin, in comparison to commercial xylitol were also evaluated. Materials and MethodsShow MoreRelatedEssential Drug Delivery Route Is No Doubt The Oral Route1408 Words   |  6 Pages The most essential drug delivery route is no doubt the oral route. It has advantages like convenience of administration and less developed cost. Drugs administered by oral route are solid oral dosage forms particularly tablets, the preferred class of product. Today drug delivery companies are concentrating on solid oral drug delivery systems that suggestion increased patient amenability and effect. Melt in mouth tablet (MMT)Read MoreTherapeutic Response Of A Drug Depends Upon The Dissolution Rate Of Water Insoluble Drugs Essay2676 Words   |  11 PagesTherapeutic response of a drug depends upon the bioavailability which in turn depends upon the solubility and dissolution rate of drug. A solubility problem is a major challenge for the pharmaceutical industry with developments of new pharmaceutical products. There are various techniques but liquisolid compact is a new and promising method that can change the dissolution rate of water insoluble drugs. According to the concept of liqui solid systems water-insoluble drugs dissolved in suitable non-volatileRead MoreVirtual Pharmaceutical: How It Works2390 Words   |  10 PagesOur company name: Virtual Pharmaceutical Drug name: VPL874C (Market name = Betatrix) Possible indications = migraine prophylaxis, hypertension, coronary heart disease Problem – want oral dosage form. - but has short half life (3-4hr) Solution – oral dosage form with extended release which releases drug slowly so that the plasma concentrations are maintained at a therapeutic level for a prolonged period of time (usually between 8 and 12 hours). Recent extended release formulationsRead MoreThe Human Gastrointestinal Track Is A Complex Time9513 Words   |  39 Pagesmetabolizing, and excretive organ. 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Though AED therapy is meant for a long duration usage , because of this , there is a risk of drug interactions and this problem is further compounded by the high protein bindings for some drugs and potentialRead MoreHow Riluzole Is A Derivative Of Benzothiazole Essay724 Words   |  3 Pagesto slight yellow powder soluble in dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide and methanol, freely soluble in dichloromethane, sparingly soluble in 0.1 N HCl and very slightly soluble in water and 0.1 N NaOH. Riluzole is available as a capsule-shaped, white, film-coated tablet for oral administration. Each tablet contains 50 mg of riluzole. It is marketed by Sanofi-Aventis with the brand name Rilutek. 2.11.3 Side-effects or damaging effects Riluzole is a very good neuroprotective drug, but it has someRead MorePowder X: Ray Diffraction1726 Words   |  7 PagesPowder X–Ray Diffraction Powder X–ray diffraction (PXRD) was used to provide an insight into the polymorphic nature of xylitols. The PXRD patterns of all xylitols were collected on a Bruker D8 Advance (Siemens, D5000, Germany) powder diffractometer with Cu KÃŽ ± radiation (1.54056 Ã…) using the DIFFRACplus software. Samples were placed into a stainless steel holder and the surface of each powder was levelled manually for analysis. Each sample was scanned from 2 to 40 of 2ÃŽ ¸ with a step size of 0.019 ºRead MoreDrug Profile : Drugs And Drugs1406 Words   |  6 PagesLevel 1: Drug Profile Coursework Drug substance: Pioglitazone Name: Cheong Hung Shing Student number: 40168923 Assessor: Dr P. McCague â€Æ' ï  ¬ 1.1 Source Pioglitazone is one kind of thiazolidinediones which is a type of anti-diabetic drugs. It is a synthetic substance. It has brand names of Actos ®. [1][2] ï  ¬ 1.2 Description Pioglitazone is 5-[[4-[2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy]phenyl]methyl]-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione. 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There are also other ways of administration available but we will be focusing mostly on the Risperdal Tablets with a few references to other administrations. Risperidone is a whitish powder which is insoluble in water, freely soluble in methylene chloride, and soluble in methanol. The inactive ingredients in Risperidone include colloidal silicon dioxide, hypromellose, lactose

Architecture Of The 20th Century Architecture Essay Free Essays

string(71) " blurred the boundary lines between kitsch and high art yet once more\." While discoursing the topic of architecture of the twentieth century, the treatment is uncomplete without a particular reference of Robert Venturi. The adult male started his life in Philadelphia on 25th June, 1925 he went on to go one of the most prevailing names in American architecture. The information on Venturi includes a particular reference of his married woman Denise Scott Brown. We will write a custom essay sample on Architecture Of The 20th Century Architecture Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1960 was the twelvemonth they foremost meet, got married in 1967 they have ever been together of all time since. This hubby and married woman squad did singular work in the part of architecture, establishing themselves with their joint venture better recognized as Venturi, Scott Brown A ; Associates ( VSBA ) . â€Å" Architecture steeped in popular symbolism. Kitsch had become art in designs which exaggerate or stylise cultural icons. † [ 1 ] Some of the most of import design schemes adopted by Brown were ‘theory is non the regulation of pollex ‘ , ‘learn to copy ‘ , ‘drawing-a must hold ‘ , ‘ideation is changeless ‘ etc. Harmonizing to Robert and Denise, theory is non the regulation of pollex. While most designers glued to theory when it comes to be aftering designs, Robert Venturi and Denise Scotte Brown thought the opposite manner. Harmonizing to them plan procedure should non be dominated by the theory. This was despite the fact that both of them were good known theorists. Venturi even went on to state that â€Å" the creative person is non person who designs in order to turn out his or her theory and surely non to accommodate an political orientation † [ 2 ] While most of the designers followed the doctrine of non copying, Venturi and Brown had a different point of position here excessively. They believed that they could larn more by copying the plants of the Masterss. As Venturi right puts Forth, â€Å" It is better to be good than to be original. † [ 3 ] But, this in no manner meant a complete imitation. To this, Denise Scott Brown makes it clear that they copy ideology that they copy political orientations. The couple merely took copying to the extent of pulling inspiration. Their inspiration was a base to develop farther designs. Venturi says, â€Å" You have to hold something basic that you either construct on or germinate from or revolt against. You have to hold something at that place in the first topographic point and the lone manner to acquire it is to copy, in a good sense of the word. â€Å" [ 3 ] One, of co urse, needs to possess certain accomplishments to go forth a grade the field of architecture. Harmonizing to Robert and Denise, pulling was the most indispensable 1. Mentioning to the accomplishment as a installation between manus and head, Denise Scott Brown besides said that it was indispensable for interior decorators to get the hang pulling in order to win. She believed that it frequently happened that the manus draws something, which the head interprets in a different manner and you draw a whole new thought from it. In an epoch where everyone thought that script has a small significance as everything can be done utilizing specially designed package, the couple has its statements ready. â€Å" Peoples who can pull really good and who control line weight good in manus technique are the 1s who use the computing machine imaginatively, † [ 4 ] they asserted. Who says that you need to sit down in a board room to imagine? Well, non Venturi at least. In his sentiment ideation can non be bound by topographic point or clip ; he believed that one could imagine anytime and anyplace, even while speaking. Venturi alleged â€Å" that even while speaking one all of a sudden sees something else out of the corner of their oculus and they think of something they would n’t hold done otherwise. He besides opined that you ideate more while working on other undertakings and averred the thought merely comes after great battle and torment. â€Å" [ 5 ] Some of the of import edifices built by the couple are – The Vanna Venturi House, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1962, Brant House in Greenwich, Connecticut in 1973, Gordon Wu Hall in Princeton, New Jersey in 1983, Bank edifice in Celebration in Florida in 1994 and many more. Since mid 1960s Robert and Denise greatly altered the landscape of the American Architectural thought their procedures and patterns with their design schemes. Robert Venturi ‘s book ‘Complexity and Contradiction in ArchitectureA became a uniting point for budding designers around the Earth who had become misanthropic with the stylistic limitations of the International Style as a consequence of which the book provided a pronunciamento for the Post-Modern motion in architecture. Followed by this out of his instructions at Yale came his 1972 bookA Learning from Las Vegas which was A co-authored by Steven Izenour and Denise Scott Brown. The architectural universe was one time once more astonished by this work. The the gaudy and the sign-filled Vegas strip was transformed from being an architectural aberrance to a common art signifier which deserve serious survey. Venturi felt that the Decorated Shed and assorted other types of wayside edifices offered design lessons that coul d non be left accompanied, an † he argued that designers require to confront the world and typify the popularly built environment with edifices matching to that environment. â€Å" [ 6 ] â€Å" KitschA is reflected as a signifier of art that is deficient and is a tastelessA transcript of an a complementary manner of art or is a nugatory reproduction of art of recognized value. â€Å" [ 7 ] A The deliberate usage of elements that may be considered asA cultural icons is what this construct is related to â€Å" KitschA can besides be defined as the genres of art that aesthetically lack whether or non being theatrical, sentimental, glamourous, or originative and that make originative gestures which merely reflect the superficial visual aspects of art by agencies of perennial conventions and expression. This term is frequently associated with excessiveA mawkishness. † [ 8 ] The outgrowth ofA postmodernismA in the 1980s, blurred the boundary lines between kitsch and high art yet once more. You read "Architecture Of The 20th Century Architecture Essay" in category "Essay examples" The blessing of what is called campA gustatory sensation – which may be related to, but is non the same as cantonment when used as a homosexual esthesia was one development. An unreal or an false illustration from the universe of painting would be a kitsch image of a cervid by a lake. In doing cantonment, puffing a mark beside it, stating No Swimming. The olympian or romantic perceptual experience of a baronial animate being would be punctured by wit ; the construct of an carnal having a a punishment for the breach of the regulation is out justly farcical. The aboriginal, brooding mawkishness of the motive is neutralized, and therefore, it becomes cantonment. A few things that posed as interesting challenges were the conceptual artA and deconstruction, because, speaking of kitsch, in favor of elements that enter it by associating to other domains of life they downplayed the formal construction of the graphics. Inspite of this fact, many in the art universe continue to latch onto some sense of the duality between art and kitsch, excepting all sentimental andA realisticA art from being considered earnestly. This has come under the scanner of the critics, who now argue for a renewed art and nonliteral picture, without the concern for it looking advanced or new. Whatever may be the scenario, there is trouble in specifying boundaries between kitsch and all right art since the beginning of postmodernism, the word kitsch is normally used to label anything seen as being in hapless gustatory sensation still. This postmodern architecture influenced by Venturi was further prejudiced by many designers like Philip Johnson and Robert A.M Stern. When speaking about American architecture, there is no manner one can lose out on Philip Johnson. One of the most noteworthy and celebrated American designers, he was the victor of the first ‘Pritzker Architecture Prize ‘ . For set uping the Department of Architecture and Design at the Museum of Modern Art, New York is credited to him. Philip was born in 1906 in Cleveland. He played a critical function in making and understanding the urban skyscrapers through America. Johnson was an advocator of simple manner and therefore he played a important function in beef uping the minimalist tendency. The work of assorted modern designers, including Mies van der Rohe, Walter Gropius and Le Corbusier was comprehensively supported by Johnson. He was a co-author of the popular book, ‘The International Style ‘ . The techniques of the Bauhaus were introduced to America by this book. By the clip Johnson reached the age of thirtiess he was discontented with his function of an writer and conservator. So he studied under the designer Marcel Breuer at The Graduate School of Design. Johnson designed his ain place in New Canaan, Connecticut shortly after his graduation. His first architectural work, his house is considered one of his most singular plants. The house was a glass house and featured an exposed steel frame. Johnson continued with his architectural pursuit and went on to plan legion public edifices and houses after his ain house. Johnson designed some of his well-known plants, notably the Seagram Building in New York City during this clip. Johnson had a more divine than individualistic stretch with architecture ab initio. His initial work carried a strong bear grade of Mies van der Rohe. However, an individualistic touch could be seen in his work by 1960 ‘s. Infused with historical elements, his manner of architecture showcased how one could aesthetically integrate domes and colonnades in a edifice. He created some of his most monumental plants of his life merely after he discovered his individualistic architectural sense. Some of these include the Sheldon Art Gallery at the University of Nebraska, the New York State Pavilion at the World ‘s Fair and the New York State Theater in New York City. By the 1970s and 1980s, he began experimenting with the texture and colour of the outside of his creative activities at big though he was still stuck with his original manner of architecture. Today in his 1890ss, Johnson is considered as one of the last modern designers that we have. With a tally of about 70 old ages in the field of architecture, he has certainly carved his niche and will go on to animate many designers in the times to come. Another popular name in American architecture is of Robert Arthur Morton Stern, besides known as Robert A.M. Stern. He is an American designer and soon the Dean of Yale University School of Architecture. His work is normally described as postmodern. However, a ruling accent on continuity of tradition in his work is witnessed which can non be ruled out. No admiration, he late used the phrase ‘modern diehard ‘ to depict his work. As a interior decorator in the office of Richard Meier he started his calling in 1966. But he shortly quit from his occupation and established his ain house, ‘Stern and Hagmann ‘ in 1969. He formed the house with a fellow pupil at the Yale University named John S. Hagmann. This was followed by the constitution of the replacement house, ‘Robert A.M. Stern Architects ‘ , a name still really popular in American architecture. He has a wide portfolio to his recognition when speaking about his work. Some of his more noteworthy undertakings in the public sphere include Lakewood Public Library in Lakewood, Ohio, the chief library in Columbus, Federal Reserve Bank in Atlanta and many more. Stern was besides a noteworthy writer apart from being a successful designer. He has authored New York 1880, New York 1960, and New York 2000- a series that paperss the development and history of the architecture of New York City. This postmodern architecture has his roots deep in the past, as is apparent from his work. His edifices showcase a deep fondness for the yesteryear. His most noteworthy undertaking with The Walt Disney Company reiterates the same. He served the company in the place of Board of Director for the term of office 1992-2003. His boardwalk at Disney World is implicative of an American seaboard small town from the early twentieth century. You will be reminded of how architecture has evolved from Victorian to the Vienna Secessionist motion while you have a expression at his edifices. The mini small town beautified with artefacts from assorted epochs, though non precisely historical, comes across as a dream like walk. And non to bury the Beach nine, that reflects the nineteenth century American Resort architecture in its true signifier. With a immense pool of work and a design doctrine that combined the best of modernism and tradition, Stern is surely non a name to be forgotten in the architectural kingdom. Though his wide skyline of work is a effort in itself, he has several other accomplishments to his recognition every bit good. A Driehaus Prize laureate, he went on to win several awards. In the twelvemonth 1984, he was awarded with the AIA New York Chapter ‘s Medal of Honor. He was besides conferred the Chapter ‘s President ‘s Award in 2001.A He besides has to his recognition the Scully Prize from the National Building Museum, Athena Award from the Congress for the New Urbanism and the Board of Directors ‘ Honor from the Institute of Classical Architecture and Classical America. â€Å" Since long and even now Philip ‘s designs in PoMo manner reveal a decent to the degree of kitsch that appears lest cantonment in its motive than merely and unmitigately inexpensive in its consequence † [ 9 ] . In the aesthetic plan of Robert Venturi kitsch and the country of mundane civilization was used. But at the same clip in his artistic designs, he by and large elevated them. In the circle of designers â€Å" Robert Venturi an Robert A M Stern, the so called Greys Designers whose work used the intercrossed civilization parlances of American twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours life as get downing points of their new artistic way including kitsch and dad. † [ 10 ] Thus Robert Venturi, Philip and Robert A M Stern are three showy modern designers whose part to architecture hold a made a difference to the architectural universe. How to cite Architecture Of The 20th Century Architecture Essay, Essay examples

Are Americans Allergic to Traveling Abroad Essay Example For Students

Are Americans Allergic to Traveling Abroad? Essay Are Americans Allergic to Traveling Abroad? Essay I asked Poonam, an immigrant from Nepal, who states that such a notion is ridiculous. Nepal has suffered lately due to a despotic ruler. The newspapers have recently reported that the king has cut off Nepal from the rest of the world by closing airports and shutting down communication. Poonams father owns a resort in Nepal, and his family has struggled to keep business open through these tough times. How do you explain that only 15% of Americans have passports to travel abroad? Is it because we are lazy? Poonam furthers that Americans are not lazy or allergic to traveling. He points out that Americans do not have the time to travel abroad. The strength of our economy is based on the working class. He points out that most employees only receive one to two weeks of vacation. In Nepal if he were to take a vacation, his employer would give him one to two months off so that he can travel and enjoy himself. He explains that to travel to Nepal, it takes two days to get there and two takes to get back home (Baltimore). The weary traveler usually needs a day or two after each way to recover from any jet lag or from the pure exhaustion of balancing airplane and other time schedules. Poonam also points out, the vast land in United States allows Americans the opportunity to take mini-trips that can be very enriching. This is one of his favorite aspects of our country. Poonam who works 72 hour work weeks without overtime, will spend his only day off taking his son and wife to Washington D.C. or Philadelphia. We both agree that this point is overlooked. Traveling abroad is reserved for those who do not have to work the independently wealthy. Poonam does not believe that apathy prevents us from travel, but rather our drive to succeed in our careers. I posed the question as to whether or not we work too much? He reminds me of the French government who require mandatory vacations and 35 hours work weeks. I counter with a recent news article that reported a decline in the French economy. The French government is thinking of reversing the 35 hour work week law. I am definitely very interested in traveling. I have started taking French lessons so that I can travel abroad. I would love to be able to work in the international realm of healthcare or political relations. I have just filled out the paperwork for my passport. I have to go get my picture taken and then I will be ready to submit my application. My goal is to spend a whole semester abroad during my tenure here at UMBC; although, I would also like to spend some time during the summer volunteering in Indonesia. My pen pal who lives in Southern France states that Americans should not waste time learning another language, for she believes that I should spend more time furthering myself in the sciences. I believe that we should show respect when visiting other countries though. Out of respect, we should try to learn some of their cultures which includes at least learning greetings and other conversational customs. .

Nitesh Solutions Unlimited Essay Example

Nitesh Solutions Unlimited Paper Nits is disturbed by certain situations that have hampered his relation with Mean since his joining Solutions Unlimited He is faced with three options namely; he can work to mend his relation with Mean, leave the company and search for Other prospects Or reach out to the top management. These options have to be evaluated on what impact they would have in his career and at the workplace. Staying at the organization and working towards mending relations with Mean seems to be the best option. But he should also accept his part in creating such situations at the first place. Word count:100 Contents 1. Situation Analysis. 2. Problem 2 3. Options Criteria for Evaluation to Options. Recommend Plan . 4 Nits @ Solutions unlimited- Decision Report Situational Analysis 4 7, Action Nits has a good academic background and he was admired by his seniors as well his colleagues in his previous job. But after working for two years in a consultancy firm in Jackhammers, he sought to work in a different city and so he applied for Solutions Unlimited through his friend, Arrived. Arrived and Vivid had told him that Solutions Unlimited would give him a good environment to work n and the informal culture here would make his work enjoyable and would also provide him with many opportunities to grow. The chain of events that took place since he joined the organization have now made Nitwits staying in the organization difficult as his relations with Mean and Mr.. Algal have turned sour. He was not satisfied with the initial offer given to him and that led to Mean being given a mouthful by Mr.. Kapok, Also there were issues regarding the payment of severance to his previous employers and his spouses travel. We will write a custom essay sample on Nitesh Solutions Unlimited specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Nitesh Solutions Unlimited specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Nitesh Solutions Unlimited specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer According to the companys policy only 50% of the severance pay was done and here was no policy to pay for spouses travel. This led to Nits being put in a bad light in from of Mr.. Algal. Even though he got opportunities to participate in various projects but he was not allowed to work properly by Mean. For instance he was not allowed to go to New Zealand with Mr.. Kapok and also he was told that he would not be needed for the project from Korea as the scope had changed. He was also taunted by Mr.. Algal and Mean when they came to know that he was working closely with the MD. All these events have disturbed him as he didnt want any bad blood between anyone in the workplace. But all these things place in the first place owing to many flaws in Solutions unlimited and also by Nits_ Even though he had experience from two organizations he was careless and unprofessional while negotiating the salary with Vent. He also believed when Vent said that his severance pay and also his Wifes travel pay would be done; he didnt take any written confirmation from him. He was careless enough to lose the email. There was no proper Structure in the organization. There were no Director and Associate Director for Human Resources, and Mean and Vent were quite inexperienced in the organization. The policies were not communicated to Nits when he joined and so there was dispute regarding payment of severance. Recently his work has been appreciated by the CEO and Mannish, He was asked by Mean to go to Nagger to finalist the details of the project he was involved in and also handle the project. This has given an opportunity to Nits to introspect and think about his future course of action, Problem Statement The problem facing Nits is what course of action he should take after coming trot Nagger. He is faced with the dilemma of whether to work towards building good relation with his peers in the organization or search for better prospects elsewhere. Options l. Nits should work hard towards removing the bad blood between himself and Mean and concentrate on building a good future in Solutions Unlimited. 2. Nits should leave the organization and search of better prospects elsewhere. 3. Nits should take the matter to Mannish and let them know how he is being treated and ask for necessary steps to be taken. Criteria for Evaluation The options need to be evaluated such that they satisfy the following criteria: 1. Impact on Nitwits career: the course Of action should be such that his career does not take a downfall. 2. Impact at the workplace: the course of action should improve his experience at workplace rather than degrade it. Evaluation Of Options 1. Staying in the organization: a. Nitwits work is admired and his experience is appreciated by his seniors at the company. He has been given the responsibility of handling the project he was working in. If he can stop complaining and take proper steps towards improving the relations between Mean and himself, then he will have lesser problems to worry about. His impression in front of Mannish is very good and is he continues to work hard then his career will take a great leap. B. When his relationship with Mean is mended, he will automatically come in the good books to Mr.. Algal. Eventually the things that used to disturb him will go away and he will be happy with his career, 2. Leaving the organization: a. Leaving the company on bad terms will surely hamper his career. The feedback from the previous employers will create a bad image, This will affect his future prospects and his career growth. B. Provided he gets a job elsewhere, his revises image will do him no help in front of his peers and seniors. He will face difficulty securing better projects and this will add more to his situation. 3. Taking matters to the top management: a. Taking matters to Mannish may help in certain ways to review the internal policies but this will bring further create cracks in his relation with Mean and Mr.. Algal. This would create more problems in his career and he would lose trust among many seniors in the organization. B. This will not improve his conditions in his workplace and he will create more enemies due to his high-handedness. Recommendations recommend that Nits should stay in the organization and work hard to build a better relationship With Mean and Mr.. Algal. Action Plan Nits, first and foremost should identify how he was also partly responsible in creating such situations in the first place. Rather than hoping that things should work out, he should approach Mean and have a talk about how things have led to such acerbic relation between them and work out their differences. He should accept his wrongdoings and also bring out the fact that policies also need to be reviewed so that such situations dont crop up again.

Comfort zone Essays

Comfort zone Essays Comfort zone Paper Comfort zone Paper Essay Topic: Zone One Familiarity breeds comfort, and sometimes we just have to step back and gain an insight into things outside our comfort zone. Ive always considered myself to be a KL girl, and so I ignorantly assumed that everyone led a comfortable lifestyle the way most of us in KL do. Attending a college in the middle of a palm oil estate outside of KL and meeting people from different states in Malaysia made me realise that we were worlds apart. Never did I imagine that even top students from rural areas in Malaysia were still struggling to converse in English. I also never imagined that topics of discussion that I used to consider normal were considered taboo amongst those same students. The sad part of it is that these were the fortunate students who despite their English illiteracy were the cream of the crop where they came from. But what happens to those who werent so lucky? Do they get casted aside to the sidelines? I recently went to a primary school where most of the students were the orang asli children and again I was shocked at the difference between it and my old primary school. Each standard only had one class, and the school only consisted of one academic block. When I attended the soccer meeting, that’s when it hit me that there’s a huge difference between watching soccer on TV and actually playing. The other players on the team had played soccer since the age of four, and there I was, without soccer experience. After signing up for the team, I felt foolish, scared, and distraught because I didn’t want the other players to judge me. I didn’t want them to make fun of me because I couldn’t dribble or kick a soccer ball, but my inner voice was still telling me, â€Å" Don’t quit! Let the judging motivate you! Who cares if I can’t kick a ball, I will learn! My comfort zone was watching soccer whereas, trying to play soccer was me, stepping out of my comfort zone. During warm-ups in the first practice, I felt as if I was going to die! My legs felt horrible, and there were 2 hours left of practice. I wanted to quit, I was uncomfortable and embarrassed because I fell during an easy drill, was the s lowest runner, and tired in the first 20 minutes. In the back of my mind I knew that I shouldn’t quit, I did soccer for me, to benefit my health and feed my anxiety and curiosity about the sport. On the other hand, if I were to quit, I knew I would be unhappy and disappointed with myself. Therefore, I stayed with soccer and I’m happy with my decision because I’ve made the greatest friendships and came out of my comfort zone. My middle school soccer experience has changed me in the greatest way, it helped me realize that I will face problems where at times I won’t feel comfortable and that I shouldn’t quit, no matter how difficult, strange, or painful. After playing soccer in the eighth grade, I decided to continue to play in high school; I wanted to continue my new healthy habits and my friendships that I made in middle school. From freshman year to senior year, I have played soccer for my high school team, junior varsity for my freshman year and varsity for my sophomore, junior, and senior year, and during all my embarrassing falls, crazy drills, and â€Å"psycho† coaches, I realized I love playing. Such a shift in my own paradigm was one of the hardest things for me to do however, I learned what it means to play with heart and passion, a team is a family, and new healthy habits. I grew because I was willing to feel awkward and embarrassed and as Kristen Wiig has once said, â€Å"When you go out of your comfort zone and it works there’s nothing more satisfying. †

Profile of Serial Killer William Bonin, The Freeway Killer

Profile of Serial Killer William Bonin, The Freeway Killer William Bonin was a serial killer suspected of sexually assaulting, torturing and killing at least 21 boys and young men in Los Angeles and Orange County, California. The press nicknamed him the  The Freeway Killer, because he would pick up young boys who were hitchhiking, sexually assault and murder them, then dispose of their bodies along the freeways. Unlike many serial killers, Bonin had multiple accomplices during his murder spree. Known accomplices included  Vernon Robert Butts, Gregory Matthew Miley, William Ray Pugh, and James Michael Munro. In May 1980,  Pugh was arrested for stealing cars and while in prison provided detectives details connecting the freeway murders to William Bonin in exchange for a lighter sentence. Pugh told detectives that he accepted a ride from Bonin who bragged that he was the Freeway Killer. Later evidence proved that Pugh and Bonins relationship went beyond a one-time ride and that Pugh participated in at least two of the murders. After being placed under police surveillance for nine days,  Bonin was arrested while in the process of sexually assaulting a 15-year-old boy in the back of his van. Unfortunately, even while under surveillance, Bonin was able to commit one more murder before his arrest. Childhood - Teen Years Born in Connecticut on January 8, 1947, Bonin was the middle child of three brothers. He  grew up in a dysfunctional family with an alcoholic father and a grandfather who was a convicted child molester. Early on he was a troubled kid and ran away from home when he was eight years old. He was later sent to a juvenile detention center for various small crimes, where he allegedly was sexually molested by older teens. After leaving the center he began molesting children. After high school, Bonin joined the U.S. Air Force and served in the Vietnam War as a gunner. When he returned home, he married, divorced and moved to California. A Vow to Never Get Caught Again He was first arrested at age 22 for sexually assaulting young boys and spent five years in jail. After his release, he molested a 14-year-old boy and was returned to prison for an additional four years. Vowing never to get caught again, he began killing his young victims. From 1979 until his arrest in June 1980, Bonin, along with his accomplices, went on a raping, torturing  and killing spree, often cruising California highways and streets for young male hitchhikers and school children. After his arrest, he confessed to killing 21 young boys and young men. Police suspected him in 15 additional murders. Charged with 14 of the 21 killings, Bonin was found guilty and sentenced to death. On February 23, 1996, Bonin was executed by lethal injection, making him the first person to be executed by lethal injection in California history. Freeway Killer Victims Thomas Lundgren, age 14, murdered on May 28, 1979. Accomplices Vernon Butts and William PughMark Shelton, age 17, murdered on August 4, 1979Marcus Grabs, age 17, murdered on August 5, 1979. Accomplice Vernon ButtsDonald Hayden, age 15, murdered on August 27, 1979. Accomplice Vernon ButtsDavid Murillo, age 17, murdered on September 9, 1979. Accomplice Vernon ButtsRobert Wirostek, age 16, murdered on September 27, 1979John Doe, age 14-20, murdered on November 30, 1979Dennis Frank Fox, age 17, murdered on December 2, 1979. Accomplice James MunroJohn Doe, age 15-20, murdered on December 13, 1979Michael McDonald, age 16, murdered on January 1, 1980Charles Miranda, age 14, murdered on February 3, 1980. Accomplice Gregory MileyJames McCabe, age 12, murdered on February 3, 1980. Accomplice Gregory MileyRonald Gaitlin, age 18, murdered on March 14, 1980Harry Todd Turner, age 15, murdered on March 20, 1980. Accomplice William PughGlen Barker, age 14, murdered on March 21, 1980Russell Rugh, age 15, murdered on March 22, 1980 Steven Wood, age 16, murdered on April 10, 1980Lawrence Sharp, age 18, murdered on April 10, 1980Darin Lee Kendrick, age 19, murdered on April 29, 1980. Accomplice Vernon ButtsSean King, age 14, murdered on May 19, 1980. Confessed accomplice William PughSteven Wells, age 18, murdered on June 2, 1980. Accomplices Vernon Butts and James Munro Co-Defendants: Vernon Butts: Butts was 22 years old and a factory worker and part-time magician when he met Bonin and began participating in raping and murdering at least six boys. He hung himself while awaiting trial.Gregory Miley: Miley was 19 years old when he got involved with Bonin. He pled guilty to participating in one murder for which he received a sentence of 25 years to life. He is currently in prison.James Munro: Bonin was Munros boss and landlord when Munro participated in the murders of two boys. In a plea bargain, he pled guilty to one murder and received a sentence of 15 years to life. He is still in prison but trying to appeal claiming he was tricked into a plea bargain.William (Billy) Pugh: was the most active accomplice who was charged with one murder, although he confessed to killing two victims. He received  six years for voluntary manslaughter in a plea bargain. Arrest, Conviction, Execution After William Bonins arrest, he confessed to killing 21 young boys and young men. Police suspected him in  an additional 15 other murders. Charged with 14 of the 21 killings, Bonin was found guilty and sentenced to death. On February 23, 1996, Bonin was  executed by lethal injection, making him the first person to be executed by lethal injection in California history. During Bonins murder spree, there was another active serial killer by the name of Patrick Kearney,  using the California freeways as his hunting ground.

British Petroleum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

British Petroleum - Essay Example The business model of BP aims to generate value for the hydrocarbon value chain. The process usually starts through exploration and ends with energy supply (BP, 2012). In 2011, the growth in global oil consumption slowed although robust growth continued in China and other non OECD countries. Despite the slowdown average prices of crude oil were however higher as compared to previous years (BP-a, 2012). BP facts and figure indicates a stable growth where its sales and operating revenue stood at 83,400. The core brands of BP are Castrol, Arco, ampm, Aral and Wild bean cafe (BP, 2012). The paper deals with the above mentioned organization, British Petroleum and discusses the organization in much more detail in order to analyze the company structure its work process, the strategy the organization is currently following and future plan along with its competitive advantage which keeps the company ahead of its competitors. Structure of the organization BP organizes the business in a way so that energy products are and services which are required by the people around the globe are served at an appropriate time and as per the needs. The business model of BP aims to create value in the value chain process and as stated above it starts with exploration and ends with supply of energy. The organization of BP consists of marketing and refining, upstream, people of BP and their values and alternative energy. The upstream usually finds, develops then produces and transports natural gas and oil to the market. BP operates in around 26 countries and it employs approximately 84,000 employees. The major markets are Russia, USA, North Africa, UK, Asia, Canada, Middle East and others. The marketing and refining teams are responsible for trading, supplying, transporting, refining, and also for marketing the products. BP has 17 refineries and it markets them in 100 countries the role of R&M plays an important part. BP constitute of approximately 83,400 people, contractors and suppliers in the organizational chart. BP value lies in safety of the people, respect for the world, excellence through disciplined management and systematic operations, courage to face difficulties and the team, where the employees trust each other (BP-b, 2012). The following is the organizational structure of BP headed by Robert Dudley Figure 1: Organizational structure of BP (Source: The Official Board, 2012) Entrepreneurship BP has also encouraged entrepreneurship among women through its commitment towards upliftment and gender equality. BP Southern Africa entered into partnership with the â€Å"Women Development Trust† to provide the women with a stable platform to secure success in the business sector. BP was encouraged by the determination and passion of the women towards their approach for their business and was highly pleased to get associated with WDT who has also contributed towards the transformation process and success among the women entrepreneurs. At the government leve l, BP has taken various steps in order to advance the position of women in the society and thus encourage the women to take part in business and create business environment. In addition to the above discussion, BP had also developed corporate entrepreneurship model after the most troubled period in 1980s and has managed to develop the brand as a global energy company and has added renewable energies in its portfolio. In an attempt to re invent as a supplier for all forms of energy BP has thus adopted a corporate entrepr